The first human case of H5N1, more commonly known as avian influenza or bird flu, has been confirmed in Los Angeles County in California, in connection with an adult who was exposed to livestock.

The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health said the person who contracted bird flu had mild symptoms, was treated with antivirals and is now recovering at home.

While this is the first human case in the county, the public health department said the overall risk of H5 bird flu to the public remains low, adding that there is currently no evidence of person-to-person spread of the virus.

Still, those who are in close contact with the infected person, as well as other workers at the worksite, are being monitored for symptoms and have been offered testing, antiviral prophylaxis and personal protective equipment.

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The case is part of an ongoing investigation which involves the county public health department, the California Department of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“People rarely get bird flu, but those who interact​ with infected livestock or wildlife ​have a greater risk of infection. This case reminds us to take basic precautions to prevent being exposed,” LA County health officer Muntu Davis said. “People should avoid unprotected contact with sick or dead animals including cows, poultry, and wild birds; avoid consuming raw or undercooked animal products, such as raw milk; and protect pets and backyard poultry from exposure to wild animals.”

Davis also encouraged the public to get the seasonal flu vaccine, which he said can help prevent severe seasonal flu illness and lower the risk of getting seasonal and bird flu infections at the same time if exposed.

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Colorized transmission electron micrograph of Avian influenza A H5N1 viruses (seen in gold) grown in MDCK cells (seen in green).  (Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images)

Bird flu symptoms in humans include eye redness or discharge, fever, cough or difficulty breathing, sore throat, muscle aches, diarrhea and vomiting.

The news comes just days after California Gov. Gavin Newsom declared a state of emergency due to bird flu.

Newsom issued the state of emergency after an outbreak of the virus occurred among dairy cows in Southern California farms.

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At least two farm workers have been infected with H5N1 bird flu this year. (iStock)

After initially being reported in Texas and Kansas in March, bird flu has been confirmed in cattle across 16 U.S. states, as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported.

“This proclamation is a targeted action to ensure government agencies have the resources and flexibility they need to respond quickly to this outbreak,” Newsom said in a statement. 

Also, last week, the first case of severe bird flu was confirmed in a human patient in Louisiana, according to the CDC.

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The health agency maintains that “the current public health risk is low,” but said it is “watching the situation carefully.”

Fox News Digital’s Melissa Rudy contributed to this report.

An 8-year-old boy is being hailed as a hero after saving the life of his choking friend in the elementary school cafeteria.

Thomas Conley, a second-grade student at Porter Elementary School in Mesa, Arizona, noticed that his friend was choking on a grape and sprang into action, according to local reports.

Conley immediately performed the Heimlich maneuver — also known as abdominal thrusts — on Isaiah Rodriguez, which dislodged the grape.

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Mesa Public Schools commended Conley on social media after the heroic moment, which occurred on Nov. 14.

“Thanks to Thomas’ quick thinking, Isaiah was able to breathe normally again. Thank you, Thomas, for your courage and for being a true hero!”

Candice Conley, Thomas’ mother, spoke with Fox News Digital about his son’s life-saving actions.

“We are so proud of him,” she said. “Thomas is very quick-thinking and active — and he’s just a really good friend.”

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The family often discusses food safety and kitchen safety at home, Conley said, as she and her husband have both worked in the food industry, and she now works in the Department of Public Health for Maricopa County.

“I think a lot of people, maybe even some adults, might not realize that somebody’s choking,” she said. “Thomas just knew that he had to get air to go up to dislodge the grape.”

Thomas Conley (right) saved his friend, Isaiah Rodriguez (left), who was choking on a grape in the school cafeteria. (Candice Conley)

The parents of Rodriguez, the boy Thomas Conley saved, were “so thankful,” Conley told Fox News Digital.

“The first time I saw his mom, I just hugged her,” she said. “We are just so thankful, most of all, that Isaiah is OK.”

“Thomas is very quick-thinking and active — and he’s just a really good friend.”

“I’m super grateful, and I wanted him to know how proud I was of him and how thankful I was,” said Isaiah’s mom, Maria Anderson, in a video posted by Mesa Fire and Medical Department. “He and my son have been friends for a long time.”

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Thomas has been “very nonchalant” about what happened, Conley said.

“He was just like, ‘My friend needed help, and so I helped him,’” she said.

Porter Elementary held an assembly with first responders from the Mesa Fire and Medical Department, who recognized Thomas’ brave act and presented him with a certificate in front of his peers. (Candice Conley)

“It’s super cool that Thomas had a part in that and that we can raise awareness about choking, because it could have gone really awful that day.”

Speaking to Fox News Digital, Thomas said, “I’ve probably never had this much attention in my life.”

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Last week, Porter Elementary held an assembly with first responders from the Mesa Fire and Medical Department, who recognized Thomas’ brave act and presented him with a certificate in front of his peers.

Thomas Conley is pictured with the Mesa fire chief, who recognized the boy’s heroic act. (Candice Conley)

The Mesa Fire and Medical Department also recognized Thomas on its Facebook page.

“Thomas turned a regular lunchtime into an extraordinary act of bravery, making a huge difference,” they wrote. “Seeing his friend in distress, Thomas wasted no time and jumped into action, saving Isaiah’s life from a choking incident. Join us in applauding this young hero. Thomas, you inspire us to act courageously and promptly.”

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Introduced by Dr. Henry Heimlich in 1975, the Heimlich maneuver is recommended by the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care as the first line of treatment for airway obstruction.

The maneuver has a success rate of more than 86% in choking cases, research has shown.

At the beginning of 2024, the American Cancer Society predicted that 2,001,140 new cancer cases and 611,720 cancer deaths would occur in the United States.

Now, as the year draws to a close, experts are looking back and reflecting on the discoveries and advances that have been made in the field of cancer treatment and prevention.

Fox News Digital spoke with four oncologists from the Sarah Cannon Research Institute in Nashville, Tennessee, about the most notable accomplishments of 2024 and what they see on the horizon for 2025. 

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See the answers and questions below. 

Krish Patel, MD, director of lymphoma research

Q: What do you see as the most important cancer advances in 2024?

A: In the field of lymphomas, we see growing momentum for therapies that use the patient’s own immune system to fight their cancer, such as CAR T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies. 

These are treatments that are now being studied and are making an impact earlier in the disease course, including one now being studied as the very first treatment a patient might receive for their lymphoma. 

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These treatments are helping us to be less dependent on chemotherapies (which may be effective but have broad side effects) for the treatment of lymphomas.  

Q: What are your predictions for cancer research in 2025?

A: Every year we are improving the curative treatment options we have for specific types of lymphomas, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which is the most common lymphoma we see. 

We are also gradually becoming better able to offer these treatments closer to – or in – patients’ homes and communities, so they can receive the best care as close to home as possible. 

“Every year, we are improving the curative treatment options we have for specific types of lymphomas.”

I believe that in 2025, we will continue to see more advancement in immunotherapies, development of more targeted therapies (including oral medicines), and hopefully soon the approval of next generations of immunotherapies that may work for patients who have already received today’s immunotherapies but need more treatment options.

Q: How has the state of cancer in your specialty area changed and evolved over the past decade?

A: It has changed and evolved dramatically. A decade ago, care for lymphomas was primarily chemotherapy-based. Now, we are shifting rapidly away from chemotherapies in some types of lymphomas in favor of immunotherapies and targeted oral therapies that lead to excellent long-term outcomes for patients, with fewer side effects than historical treatments.

As 2024 comes to an end, experts are looking back and reflecting on the discoveries and advances that have been made in the field of cancer treatment and prevention. (iStock)

Q: What can people do to reduce their cancer risk?

A: We think of lymphomas as diseases of aging for most patients. Some patients may have select risk factors, such as being on specific immunosuppressants or having exposure to very specific industrial chemicals. 

Those risks may or may not be so modifiable for patients, and they represent the minority of patients who develop lymphoma. 

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While it is not entirely clear what modifiable risks patients may have, there is ongoing work to help better answer that question. However, we know that the better general health someone is in, the more likely they are to have any and all treatment options available to them. 

I would say that for most people, exercising regularly, eating well and sleeping regularly are important.

Q: Anything else people should know?

A: There is great hope and a lot of exciting science happening to help us drive toward more cures, more effective treatments and less toxic treatments for lymphomas. 

We have already made major strides in the last decade, and we continue to build on that momentum through clinical trials that provide early access to cutting-edge therapies. 

Exercising regularly, eating well and getting enough sleep are all recommended activities to help prevent cancer risk, experts agreed. (iStock)

For patients, participating in clinical trials may help to close that time gap between the treatments that are broadly available today and the treatments we expect to be available years from now. 

They also provide a way for patients to contribute positively to the care patients in future generations may receive, which I have been told by many of my patients is something they really want to do and something that is important to them.

Erika Hamilton, MD, director of breast cancer research

Erika Hamilton, M.D., is director of breast cancer research at Sarah Cannon Research Institute in Nashville, Tennessee. (Sarah Cannon Research Institute)

Q: What do you see as the most important cancer advances in 2024?

A: The two most exciting focuses of 2024 were 1) expansion of targeted therapies in the curative setting for hormonally driven breast cancer and 2) antibody drug conjugates. 

First, three different CDK4/6 inhibitors have been approved in the metastatic setting, and they improve survival and outcomes. 

Treatments that are precisely tailored to the genetic makeup of a person’s cancer are becoming more widely available, experts say. (iStock)

In 2024, we saw the approval of a second one in the curative setting, enabling us to identify the highest-risk patients and offer them something additional to endocrine therapy to improve cure rates.

Second, we now have multiple antibody drug conjugates approved across all types of breast cancer. These therapies target a chemotherapy drug directly to the tumor via an antibody-honing mechanism and largely spare normal body cells.

“I anticipate drugs that are better tolerated with decreased side effects for patients, and a continued emphasis on personalized medicine.”

Q: What are your predictions for cancer advances in 2025?

A: I anticipate seeing more targeted agents in 2025 and the approval of antibody drug conjugates in curative early breast cancer — currently, most are only approved in metastatic cancer.

[I also anticipate] drugs that are better tolerated with decreased side effects for patients, and a continued emphasis on personalized medicine. 

Q: How has the state of cancer in your specialty area changed and evolved over the past decade? 

A: In 2024, truly personalized medicine is possible, from mutation testing to direct targeted therapy to what a cancer needs to grow — as well as being able to provide many HR+ breast cancer patients with curative chemotherapy through personalized risk stratification assays.

“I anticipate seeing more targeted agents in 2025 and the approval of antibody drug conjugates in curative early breast cancer,” said Hamilton (not pictured). (iStock)

Q: What can people do to reduce their cancer risk?

A: Continued breast screening with mammograms yearly is really important to find cancers earlier when a cure is more likely.  

People can also reduce their risk through avoiding alcohol and cigarettes and making sure they get regular exercise and maintain a normal body weight.

Vivek Subbiah, MD, chief of early-phase drug development

Vivek Subbiah, M.D., is chief of early-phase drug development at Sarah Cannon Research Institute in Nashville, Tennessee. (Sarah Cannon Research Institute )

Q: What do you see as the most important cancer advances in 2024?

A: In 2024, precision cancer treatment made big strides with many new drug approvals by the FDA, specifically for treatments guided by specific biomarkers, which means treatments can be more precisely tailored to the genetic makeup of a person’s cancer. 

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A key change was moving some therapies from faster, temporary approval processes to full approval, showing strong evidence that these targeted therapy drugs, such as tepotinib and amivantamab for certain types of lung cancer, are effective and safe. 

There were also new drug approvals for rare cancers, including tovorafenib, a BRAF precision medicine for a rare type of brain tumor in children, and afamitresgene autoleucel, a type of immunotherapy for a rare cancer called synovial sarcoma. This highlights important progress in treating these challenging conditions.

“In 2024, precision cancer treatment made big strides with many new drug approvals by the FDA, specifically for treatments guided by specific biomarkers,” Subbiah (not pictured) told Fox News Digital. (iStock)

We have also seen the approval of precision therapies that work on different types of cancer — not just one specific cancer. This is what we call “tissue-agnostic therapies.” 

One such drug is an antibody drug conjugate called trastuzumab deruxtecan, which acts like a smart missile targeting HER2-positive cancers. Another is repotrectinib, which works on any cancer that has the NTRK biomarker, regardless of where it is in the body.

Q: What are your predictions for cancer advances in 2025?

A: By 2025, cancer research is likely to see advancements in precision oncology and the use of artificial intelligence. 

In precision oncology, we can expect more personalized treatment plans based on an individual’s genetic makeup, leading to more effective and targeted therapies with fewer side effects. 

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Additionally, AI will likely play a larger role in analyzing vast amounts of data to identify new drug targets, predict patient responses to treatments and enhance early detection methods. 

These advancements have the potential to improve cancer diagnosis, treatment and overall patient outcomes.

Q: How has the state of cancer in your specialty area changed and evolved over the past decade? 

A: In the last 10 years, cancer treatment has changed dramatically. By using genetic information to create personalized treatments that match the specific details of each person’s cancer, therapies are more effective and less harmful. 

“In precision oncology, we can expect more personalized treatment plans based on an individual’s genetic makeup,” Subbiah said. (iStock)

New technologies such as analyzing cancer’s genetic profile, blood tests that detect cancer, and treatments that boost the immune system have greatly improved how we diagnose, track and treat cancer, leading to better results for patients.

Q: What can people do to reduce their cancer risk?

A: To lower the risk of cancer, people can avoid smoking, eat a healthy diet, exercise regularly, limit alcohol, protect their skin from the sun and maintain a healthy weight.

Q: Anything else people should know?

A: Get vaccines for viruses like HPV and hepatitis B, as they can lead to some cancers. Also, go for regular health checks to catch any signs of cancer early. 

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We are in a unique time when treatments can be tailored specifically to each person, and many of these are available through clinical trials. If you or a loved one is diagnosed with cancer, ask your doctor if there are any clinical trials that might be a good fit.

Meredith McKean, MD, MPH, director of melanoma and skin cancer research

Meredith McKean, M.D., MPH, is the director of melanoma and skin cancer research at Sarah Cannon Research Institute in Nashville, Tennessee. (Sarah Cannon Research Institute)

Q: What do you see as the most important cancer advances in 2024?

A: The first cellular therapy, Lifileucel, was approved in melanoma after decades of research in academia and industry. 

“We are in a unique time when treatments can be tailored specifically to each person, and many of these are available through clinical trials.”

This is a significant step forward for both patients with melanoma, but also the field of oncology at large.

Q: What are your predictions for cancer advances in 2025?

A: As we look to bring effective therapies from the metastatic setting into early stages of disease, we are anxiously awaiting updates in the next 18 to 24 months for a number of ongoing trials for combination therapy for patients with high-risk stage 2 or 3 melanoma.

In 2024, the first cellular therapy, Lifileucel, was approved in melanoma after decades of research, according to Meredith McKean, M.D., of the Sarah Cannon Research Institute (not pictured). (iStock)

Q: How has the state of cancer in your specialty area changed and evolved over the past decade? 

A: Outcomes for melanoma have significantly changed over the past 10 years. 

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The five-year survival for patients with a diagnosis of stage 4 melanoma was less than 5% before 2010, and now clinical trials have shown that more than 50% of patients are still alive 10 years after being treated with FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Q: What can people do to reduce their cancer risk?

A: Lifelong sun protective measures, such as wearing sunscreen, avoiding direct UV exposure during peak hours of 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., and avoiding tanning beds continue to be important starting at an early age.