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AI worm exposes security flaws in AI tools like ChatGPT

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You’d think keeping things secure would be easy, with artificial intelligence getting sharper every day. I mean, if it can crank out intricate code in no time, fending off cyber crooks should be a breeze, right? But, hey, it’s not all black and white.

It’s easy to overlook that AI-assistant tools like ChatGPT and Gemini are vulnerable to malware threats, but this may precisely be one reason that malware worms can get through more easily, which might just be the welcome mat for malware to waltz right in, catching you off guard.

So, if you’re using ChatGPT or Gemini, here’s what you need to know about this new malware worm. Though not an actual threat right now, a new research study and report tell us a lot about the potential security issues and headaches facing AI down the road.

The researchers did disclose the paper with OpenAI and Google and the fact that “the worm exploits bad architecture design for the GenAI ecosystem and is not a vulnerability in the GenAI service.”

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AI WORM 1

A smartphone with ChatGPT. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

What is the Morris II computer worm?

The particular computer worm in question is a type of malware called Morris II, named after the Morris worm, a malware discovered in 1988 after crashing about 10% of all computers connected to the internet at that time.

To back up a bit, though, it’s important to understand that a computer worm is a type of standalone malware that can replicate itself to spread to other computers, poisoning everything in its path.

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)?

In this circumstance, the worm we’re talking about was designed by researchers to understand some of the vulnerabilities that AI-assistant tools — like AI booking calendars or email services — have. Although it’s not a direct threat right now, it could be coming for your AI tools sooner than you think.

AI worm 2

A man types on a laptop keyboard. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

MORE: HOW SCAMMERS USE AI TOOLS TO FILE PERFECT-LOOKING TAX RETURNS IN YOUR NAME

How does this computer worm work?

Morris II is a “zero-click” worm that infects Generative AI (GenAI) systems without requiring user interaction. GenAI platforms rely on prompts, which are essentially instructions given in text format.

However, Morris II can manipulate these prompts. It injects malicious prompts that trick the GenAI system into performing harmful actions without the user or even the GenAI itself being aware. For instance, the worm might use a compromised GenAI email assistant to send phishing emails or spam, potentially stealing or compromising your data.

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MORE: CREEPY EMBODIED AI AVATAR GIVES A FACE AND A VOICE TO CHATGPT INTERACTION

Steps to shield against the Morris II cyber threat

To protect yourself from potential cybersecurity threats like the Morris II computer worm, here are some steps you can take:

Be cautious with emails: Avoid opening email attachments or clicking on links from unknown or untrustworthy sources.

Use antivirus software: Invest in reliable antivirus software that can detect and remove malware, including computer worms. The best way to protect yourself from clicking malicious links that install malware that may get access to your private information is to have antivirus protection installed on all your devices. This can also alert you of any phishing emails or ransomware scams. Get my picks for the best 2024 antivirus protection winners for your Windows, Mac, Android & iOS devices.

Keep systems updated: Regularly update your operating system and applications to patch any security vulnerabilities.

Use strong passwords: Create complex passwords that are difficult to guess and use different passwords for different accounts. Consider using a password manager to generate and store complex passwords.

Backup your data: Regularly back up important data on an external drive or cloud storage to prevent loss in case of an infection.

Limit file-sharing: Be wary of downloading files from peer-to-peer networks or file-sharing platforms, as they can be sources of malware.

Enable security features: Turn on security features like two-factor authentication for an added layer of protection.

Remember, while AI tools can be incredibly helpful, they are not immune to cyber threats. It’s essential to be proactive about your digital security to safeguard your personal information and devices.

MORE: HOW AI COULD MANIPULATE VOTERS AND UNDERMINE ELECTIONS, THREATENING DEMOCRACY

Kurt’s key takeaways

While there’s no need to abandon these AI tools yet, these researchers have taken it upon themselves to understand what type of threats we may be seeing with them in the very near future. With this information, we can prepare for potential malware threats in the future and thereby mitigate them.

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Considering the potential vulnerabilities in AI tools, what measures do you think users and developers should take?  Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact

For more of my tech tips & security alerts, subscribe to my free CyberGuy Report Newsletter by heading to Cyberguy.com/Newsletter

Ask Kurt a question or let us know what stories you’d like us to cover.

Answers to the most-asked CyberGuy questions:

Copyright 2024 CyberGuy.com. All rights reserved.



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IOS 17.4 introduces revealing Apple Podcast transcription feature

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Apple’s iOS 17.4 has introduced a game-changing feature that allows you to read your podcasts, not just listen to them. 

This hidden gem in the latest update is transforming the podcast experience, offering a new dimension to audio content.

podcast transcript 1

Apple Podcast transcript. (Apple)

How you can now read your podcast in iOS 17.4

If you’re a big podcast listener, you’re going to really like this new feature on iPhone and iPad with iOS 17.4 and iPadOS 17.4, which allows you to get transcripts of your favorite episodes right within the Podcast app. It’s available for episodes worldwide, as long as they’re in English, French, German or Spanish.

CLICK TO GET KURT’S FREE CYBERGUY NEWSLETTER WITH SECURITY ALERTS, QUICK VIDEO TIPS, TECH REVIEWS AND EASY HOW-TO’S TO MAKE YOU SMARTER 

And don’t worry about privacy; unlike some other features, these transcripts aren’t generated on your Apple device. Apple’s servers do all the work, which totally makes sense since podcasts are out there for everyone to hear anyway. So, no stress about your personal info — it’s all about enjoying your podcasts with an extra perk.

podcast transcript 2

Apple Podcast transcript. (Apple)

MORE: THE RIGHT WAY TO LISTEN TO A PODCAST

What transcripts are available for Apple podcasts?

Apple is on a mission to transcribe every podcast in its library, but this will be a gradual process. The transcription process has started with the latest episodes and will proceed in reverse chronological order. Keep in mind that transcriptions for new episodes might take up to a day to become available. If you can’t find a transcript for a recent episode, it’s likely just a matter of time before it’s up.

Much like accessing lyrics on Apple Music, you have two options for viewing podcast transcripts. You can read the entire transcript independently of the audio, or you can view it in sync with the audio on the Now Playing screen. Here are the steps to access podcast transcripts:

PODCAST transcript 3

Apple Podcast transcript. (Apple)

MORE: 10 BEST TRUE CRIME PODCASTS

How to access transcripts in Apple Podcasts

  • Locate a recent podcast episode for which you’d like to see a transcript.
  • To read the transcript without starting playback, press and hold on the podcast episode
  • Select View Transcript. A static copy of the transcript will appear that you can scroll through.
podcast transcript 4

Steps to access Apple Podcasts. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

MORE: BEST TRANSCRIPTION TOOLS TO EASILY CONVERT AUDIO TO TEXT

Word-for-word transcript highlighting while you listen

Here’s how to enable an interactive transcript that follows along as you listen:

  • To see a transcript that follows along as you listen, begin playing the episode by tapping the play button 
  • Then, select the quote bubble button in the bottom-left corner. The podcast transcript will be highlighted to match the speaker, word by word, and automatically scroll as it progresses.

THE 4 BEST SECRET NOTE-TAKING APPS THAT CAN CHANGE EVERYTHING IN YOUR LIFE

Podcast transcript 5

Steps to enable word-for-word transcript highlighting while you listen. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

How to search through an Apple podcast for a specific word or phrase

Both modes above offer a search feature. Here’s how to search for a word or phrase:

  • Click on the magnifying glass in the upper right corner.
  • Type the word or phrase you’re looking for in the search bar.
  • The transcript will highlight all instances of the word or phrase.

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podcast transcript 6

Steps to search through Apple Podcast for word or phrase. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

A bonus for podcasters

The iOS 17.4 update is a plus for podcast creators. Apple now provides automatically generated transcripts for your episodes at no extra charge. This enhances accessibility and improves discoverability and engagement with your content.

Kurt’s key takeaways

IOS 17.4’s transcript feature is a significant step forward in making podcasts more accessible and enjoyable. Whether you prefer reading along or need a written reference, this update ensures that your podcasts are more versatile than ever.

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How do you think the ability to read podcast transcripts will change your listening habits and overall podcast experience? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact

For more of my tech tips & security alerts, subscribe to my free CyberGuy Report Newsletter by heading to Cyberguy.com/Newsletter

Ask Kurt a question or let us know what stories you’d like us to cover.

Answers to the most-asked CyberGuy questions:

Copyright 2024 CyberGuy.com. All rights reserved.



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Biden says he is working to secure release of Evan Gershkovich on anniversary of Russian detention

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President Biden said Friday, on the one-year anniversary of Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich’s detention in Russia, that the U.S. government is working every day to secure his release and is “not giving up.”

Gershkovich, 32, was arrested on espionage charges for allegedly collecting secret military information while he was on a work trip to the Russian city of Yekaterinburg. The Federal Security Service said he was acting on U.S. orders to obtain state secrets, but no evidence was provided to support the accusation.

The U.S. government, The Wall Street Journal and Gershkovich all reject accusations that he was working for the U.S. government to collect Russian secrets, with U.S. officials saying he was wrongfully detained.

“Journalism is not a crime, and Evan went to Russia to do his job as a reporter —risking his safety to shine the light of truth on Russia’s brutal aggression against Ukraine,” Biden said in a statement Friday. “Shortly after his wholly unjust and illegal detention, he drafted a letter to his family from prison, writing: ‘I am not losing hope.'”

WALL STREET JOURNAL LEAVES FRONT PAGE PORTION BLANK IN HONOR OF EVAN GERSHKOVICH: ‘HIS STORY SHOULD BE HERE’

Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich stands inside an enclosure for defendants before a court hearing to consider an appeal against his pre-trial detention on espionage charges in Moscow, Russia, October 10, 2023.  (REUTERS/Evgenia Novozhenina/ File Photo)

“As I have told Evan’s parents, I will never give up hope either,” he continued. “We will continue working every day to secure his release. We will continue to denounce and impose costs for Russia’s appalling attempts to use Americans as bargaining chips. And we will continue to stand strong against all those who seek to attack the press or target journalists — the pillars of free society.”

The Wall Street Journal on Friday left a blank space on the front page of its newspaper with Gershkovich’s image in the space where the image of an article’s author would be and a headline that read: “His Story Should be Here.”

A recent court hearing offered little new information in Gershkovich’s case. He was ordered to remain behind bars pending trial until at least June 30, the fifth extension of his detention.

“I admire the hell out of him,” Biden told reporters Friday when asked about Gershkovich’s case before traveling from Joint Base Andrews in Maryland to the Camp David presidential retreat. “We’re not giving up.”

FOX NATION’S ‘PRISONER OF PUTIN’ EXAMINES EVAN GERSHKOVICH’S LIFE, RESILIENCE WHILE DETAINED IN RUSSIA

Gershkovich makes Moscow court appearance

At a recent court hearing, Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich was ordered to remain behind bars pending trial until at least June 30, the fifth extension of his detention. (NATALIA KOLESNIKOVA/AFP via Getty Images)

Biden said in his statement that the U.S. government was working to free all Americans held hostage or wrongfully detained abroad, including Gershkovich and Paul Whelan, a corporate executive from Michigan who is also locked up in Russia on espionage charges.

Whelan was arrested in 2018 in Russia and, two years later, was sentenced to 16 years in prison. Whelan, who said he traveled to Moscow to attend a friend’s wedding, has denied the allegations.

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Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Gershkovich and Whelan have “remained resilient despite the circumstances of living in Russian detention.”

“People are not bargaining chips,” Blinken said in a statement. “Russia should end its practice of arbitrarily detaining individuals for political leverage and should immediately release Evan and Paul.”

The Associated Press contributed to this report.

New Jersey woman sings Taylor Swift hits while awake during brain surgery: ‘Eras Tour’ in the O.R.

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A Stanhope, New Jersey, mom has taken her love of Taylor Swift to a new level. 

Selena Campione, 36, underwent brain surgery on Jan. 31, 2024 – but it wasn’t an ordinary procedure.

In an interview with Fox News Digital, Campione shared that she’d been to numerous doctors to address some peculiar symptoms that began in March 2023.

This included tingling and numbness on the right side of her body, which developed into an inability to hold objects in her right hand.

WHAT IS TAYLOR SWIFT AMNESIA? SWIFTIES REPORT THEY CAN’T REMEMBER HER CONCERTS FOR THIS REASON

“I couldn’t use my right arm, the right side of my face would swell up, and I would have trouble talking,” she said. 

“I would be stuck, almost.”

Selena Campione, at right, along with a fellow teacher, are shown wearing their Taylor Swift-inspired T-shirts. (Hackensack Meridian Health)

Campione, a private school teacher, described how her symptoms kept “growing and growing,” leading to problems walking.

“My right leg – I wouldn’t even feel it,” she said. “I wouldn’t have feeling in my foot. Part of my skin would turn purple. I wouldn’t feel anything at all.”

The wife and mother sought help from various experts, including neurologists and MRI specialists, and went through multiple hospital stays. She said she was prescribed eight different medications.

TAYLOR SWIFT SUPERFAN SPENT NEARLY $9K TO ATTEND 12 ERAS TOUR CONCERTS

This was until she connected with Dr. Nitesh Patel, a neurosurgeon and co-director of the Neurosurgical Oncology program at Hackensack Meridian Health at Jersey Shore University Medical Center.

In the same interview with Fox News Digital, Patel disclosed his first encounter with Campione’s imaging, which led him to believe there was a larger issue at hand.

campione, patel and a nurse

Campione is shown at left, along with one of her nurses, plus Dr. Patel at far right. He said Hackensack Meridian has performed more awake brain surgeries than any other network in the state.

Patel broke the news to Campione that she had a low-grade glioma on the left side of her brain, explaining the trouble on the right side of her body.

To remove the tumor, the neurosurgeon suggested an awake craniotomy, otherwise known as brain surgery, where the patient is not fully put under.

“I was scared out of my mind,” Campione said in reaction to finding out she’d be kept awake.

THE TAYLOR SWIFT OBSESSION: PSYCHOLOGIST WEIGHS IN ON WHY FANS WORSHIP CELEBRITIES

“I couldn’t even believe that was a possibility. I didn’t even know that you could have brain surgery and be awake.”

While the news frightened her, Campione acknowledged that she wasn’t getting any better.

campione family

Selena Campione has been married to her husband for 10 years. The couple has two daughters, ages eight and six.  (Hackensack Meridian Health)

“It was hard on me, but it was also on my family, too,” she said. 

“My girls are little. I missed my daughter’s birthday [because] I was in the hospital. I missed a ton of work. I missed my students.”

” I could see how confident he was that this is what I needed.”

She added, “I trusted Dr. Patel’s judgment, and I could see how confident he was that this is what I needed.” 

Why awake?

Campione was numbed from the top of her head down to her eyebrows and ears, Patel said, and then put under light anesthesia. 

Patel said that keeping the patient awake during this procedure helps indicate to the surgeon what’s safe to touch and what’s not once the brain is exposed.

TAYLOR SWIFT QUIZ! HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THE FAMOUS POP MUSICIAN?

“When we get to the surface of the brain, before we touch anything, which could potentially cause permanent damage, we want to know what we’re getting into,” he said. 

“It’s high-end real estate.”

Campione’s tumor was reportedly sitting “in the middle” of the parts of her brain involved in speech and motor function.

campione's brain screening

This screening shows Campione’s brain before (at right) and after (at left) her brain surgery. (Hackensack Meridian Health)

During awake craniotomies, Patel can test the boundaries of the brain areas that are safe to tamper with by prompting the patient to stimulate the brain through speaking or, in Campione’s case, singing. 

“She can talk, she can repeat things, tell us her name, etc.,” the doctor said. “And while we’re stimulating the brain, if she has any errors in those actions, we know that’s a critical area.”

TAYLOR SWIFT FAN BREAKS WORLD RECORD FOR IDENTIFYING THE MOST SONGS IN ONE MINUTE, SAYS IT WAS ‘EASY TASK’

“We could do it the boring way … or we can do it a bit more of an exciting way, and I found singing is particularly very helpful.”

Patel added that during speech, the “pitch and the cadence of each word” varies, as does articulation, which is also captured in singing.

Surgical sing-along

Once Campione knew she’d be singing during surgery, her young daughters “jumped at the chance” for their mom to sing Taylor Swift tunes.

“That’s what’s playing in my house all the time, so I can probably sing all of her songs,” she said. “So, I – of course – was ready to sing Taylor.”

Patel assured her that since he was a Taylor Swift listener himself, he was “going to pick up” if Campione “mis-phrases something or says a word the wrong way.”

He said, “Furthermore, it’s also testing her memory … She knows the lyrics; she should be able to sing the songs.”

Campione admitted that all she could remember was “vaguely” hearing Swift’s song “Shake It Off” playing in the operating room.

CALIFORNIA SHOW OF TAYLOR SWIFT’S ‘ERAS TOUR’ CLASSIFIED AS ‘MICROEARTHQUAKE’: THESE 5 SONGS HIT LOUDEST

“I felt nothing. I didn’t know anything was going on,” she said. “I didn’t even know my head was open.”

She added, “I didn’t know I was singing until I saw all these videos of me singing.”

campione in surgery

Campione said the nurses were “fantastic” and that they held her hand throughout the procedure. (Hackensack Meridian Health)

Patel remembered Campione singing along to other Swift songs, including “22,” “Bad Blood” and “You Need To Calm Down.” 

“Basically, she did the Eras Tour for us,” he said, laughing. 

“I don’t want to discount the complexity of everything that’s involved in doing a brain surgery,” he said. “But at the same time, I feel like the only way to really help patients get through the shock of going through any type of brain surgery is to have a touch of humor.”

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In addition to “keeping the mood light,” Patel mentioned the importance of patient preparation — of “knowing that the team there is ready to take care of them, is professionally skilled and very good at their job,” he said. “But at the same time, we’re all human beings.”

taylor swift and selena campione graphic

Taylor Swift is shown performing in Glendale, Arizona, on March 12, 2023, center — and on either side, Selena Campione is shown receiving brain surgery on Jan. 31, 2024. (Hackensack Meridian Health; John Medina/Getty Images)

Campione reported feeling “fantastic” since her surgery, and now has scaled back her slew of medications to just one.

“I’m doing really well,” she said. “I feel pretty normal, which is fantastic, because I wasn’t able to say that for a long time now, and it was hard.”

She said as well, “I’m so grateful to Dr. Patel and the rest of the neuro team and everyone at Jersey Shore Hospital.”

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Campione has not been able to attend a Taylor Swift Eras Tour concert due to her medical status.

She joked that if the pop star would like to gift her family tickets to the next U.S. show — “that would be awesome.”

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Ukraine will ‘lose this war’ if the U.S. does not send aid

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Ukraine has been fighting the war against Russia for over two years with defensive aid supplied by the U.S. and its European allies.

But as the war of attrition rages on, Russia has recently seen some small advances and Ukraine has begun to face down the possibility that more aid from Washington may not be coming. 

“It’s quite dire, it’s quite serious,” George Barros, a Russia analyst and leader of the Geospatial Intelligence Team for the Institute for the Study of War, told Fox News Digital regarding Ukraine’s defense supply shortages.  

Ukrainian soldiers of a mortar team in the 24th brigade are seen at positions near Toretsk, Ukraine, on Tuesday as the war between Russia and Ukraine continues.  (Wolfgang Schwan/Anadolu via Getty Images)

FRANCE WILL SOON DELIVER 78 HOWITZERS TO UKRAINE TO MEET KYIV’S URGENT NEEDS, DEFENSE MINISTER SAYS

“The Ukrainians don’t actually have what they need to wage a more successful defense,” he said. “The collective Western coalition supporting Ukraine has ensured that we’ll supply Ukraine with enough, and we’ll keep them on a starvation diet.”

“But we’ve also given them enough that they don’t have sort of a catastrophic defeat,” he added. 

The Biden administration has pledged to continue backing Kyiv, but Congress’ inability to pass substantial assistance measures means Ukrainian soldiers are bearing the brunt on the front lines.

“If they don’t get that critical resupply, then I think there’s a substantial chance that the Russians actually very well may achieve a breakthrough in 2024,” Barros said.

Kyiv and other European allies have repeatedly warned that if Russian President Vladimir Putin is able to gain a foothold in Ukraine, he is unlikely to stop there. 

Barros pointed out that while the U.S. has carried the weight in terms of the sheer amount of military aid supplied to Ukraine from a single nation, Europe has significantly increased its spending when it comes to defensive aid for Ukraine.

Soldier in Ukraine

Ukrainian soldiers conduct combat drills in woodlands in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, on Saturday.  (Wolfgang Schwan/Anadolu via Getty Images)

KYIV ENDURES A THIRD BOMBARDMENT IN 5 DAYS AS RUSSIA STEPS UP TARGETING OF UKRAINIAN CITIES

“The European Union and all of its constituent members, including the U.K., they are actually outspending the United States just on defense in terms of supporting Ukraine,” he said. “Unfortunately, when the Europeans break ground on a new artillery or ammunition factory, that’s not something… that comes online right away.”

“You don’t flip a switch and all of a sudden you have huge output,” he added. “It takes years.”

“But the United States, until those factories become fully operational, has to continue playing this strategic bridging role,” Barros said.

It’s not just a lack of ammunition that has slowed Ukraine’s ability to advance on Russian lines or stop it from making small gains.

Ukraine’s air defenses have become depleted.

Not only are Ukraine’s air defense missiles believed to have run critically low, and its air force degraded after years of fighting with Soviet-era warplanes, but Russia has begun carrying out attacks deep within Ukraine’s interior against critical infrastructure. 

Soldiers in Ukraine

Ukrainian soldiers of a mortar team in the 24th brigade are seen at positions near Toretsk, Ukraine, on Tuesday.  (Wolfgang Schwan/Anadolu via Getty Images)

LITHUANIA FOREIGN MINISTER CALLS FOR CONCERTED EFFORT TO SUPPORT UKRAINE: ‘IT’S ABOUT THE FUTURE’

Barros explained that the Russian military regularly conducts highly intensive bombing campaigns against Ukrainian infrastructure like dams, power plants and bridges using cruise missiles, hypersonic missiles and ballistic missiles sourced from Iran.

Though Ukraine does have some air defense systems provided by international allies like U.S. Patriot Missile systems, it does not have enough defenses to protect its interior infrastructure as well as its front line positions. 

“The Russians have demonstrated in the last three months that they are adapting, they are implementing some lessons learned, and they are actually doing some military learning — which is improving the effectiveness and lethality of the Russian military,” Barros said.

“We think what the Russians have realized is that if they time and sequence their major strategic strikes against Ukraine’s critical infrastructure, at the same time in which they run fighter bomber aircraft to provide strike support, air support, for ground operations on the front line… they saturate the Ukrainians’ air defense bandwidth,” he added. “[Kyiv has] to pick and choose between, do they provide coverage to the frontline positions or do they protect the critical infrastructure in the major strategic cities?”

A photo taken from video released by Russian Defense Ministry Press Service

This photo taken from video released by the Russian Defense Ministry Press Service on March 13 shows the destruction of a Ukrainian Armed Forces helicopter at the jump site of an undisclosed location in the Donetsk region, eastern Ukraine. (Russian Defense Ministry Press Service via AP)

This strategy has enabled Russian pilots to run combat missions to get close to Ukraine to launch glide bombs, further obliterating Ukrainian positions.

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Barros warned that if Russia is able to gain uncontested air superiority, Moscow could begin running carpet bombing campaigns like it has in Syria. 

“Frankly, there’s no reason to doubt that the Russians would not do that,” he said. 

Ukraine has largely been able to hold its positions on the front lines for months, but military experts agree that it will not be able to do so for long. 

“Ukraine will lose this war if the United States does not continue supporting Ukraine,” Barros said. 

This US state is not covered by the NATO treaty. Some experts say that needs to change

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Sweden became the newest member of NATO earlier this month, joining 31 nations in the security alliance, including the United States. Well, make that 49 of the 50 United States.

Because in a quirk of geography and history, Hawaii is not technically covered by the NATO pact.

If a foreign power attacked Hawaii – say the US Navy’s base at Pearl Harbor or the headquarters of the Indo-Pacific Command northwest of Honolulu – the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization would not be obligated to rise to the Aloha State’s defense.

“It’s the weirdest thing,” says David Santoro, president of the Pacific Forum think tank in Honolulu, who added that even most Hawaii residents have no idea their state is technically adrift of the alliance.

Sailors aboard the the USS Decatur render honors while passing the USS Arizona Memorial and the sunken battleship the USS Arizona during the 82nd Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day ceremony on Thursday, December 7, 2023, at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. - Mengshin Lin/APSailors aboard the the USS Decatur render honors while passing the USS Arizona Memorial and the sunken battleship the USS Arizona during the 82nd Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day ceremony on Thursday, December 7, 2023, at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. - Mengshin Lin/AP

Sailors aboard the the USS Decatur render honors while passing the USS Arizona Memorial and the sunken battleship the USS Arizona during the 82nd Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day ceremony on Thursday, December 7, 2023, at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. – Mengshin Lin/AP

“People tend to assume Hawaii is part of the US and therefore it’s covered by NATO,” he says.

But, he concedes, the tip-off is in the alliance’s name – North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Hawaii is, of course, in the Pacific, and unlike California, Colorado or Alaska, the 50th state is not part of the continental US that reaches the North Atlantic Ocean on its eastern shores.

“The argument for not including Hawaii is simply that it’s not part of North America,” Santoro says.

The exception is spelled out in the Washington Treaty, the document that established NATO in 1949, a decade before Hawaii became a state.

While Article 5 of the treaty provides for collective self-defense in the event of a military attack on any member state, Article 6 limits the geographic scope of that.

“An armed attack on one or more of the Parties is deemed to include an armed attack on the territory of any of the Parties in Europe or North America,” Article 6 says. It also says any island territories must be in the North Atlantic, north of the Tropic of Cancer.

A US State Department spokesperson confirmed that Hawaii is not covered by Article 5, but said Article 4, which says members will consult when “the territorial integrity, political independence or security” of any member is threatened, should cover any situation that could affect the 50th state.

The spokesperson also said any treaty amendment to include Hawaii would be unlikely to gain consensus because other members have territories outside of the boundaries set in Article 5.

For instance, NATO did not join founding member the United Kingdom’s 1982 war with Argentina after Argentine troops invaded the Falkland Islands, a disputed British territory in the South Atlantic.

NATO has not responded to a CNN request for comment.

Hawaii, Guam, Taiwan and North Korea

Some experts say times have changed in the decades since the Washington Treaty was signed – and argue today’s political situation in the Indo-Pacific might require a rethink.

That’s because US military bases in Hawaii could play a vital role in both countering North Korean aggression as well as supporting any potential defense of Taiwan.

China’s ruling Communist Party claims the self-governing democratic island as its territory despite never having controlled it. Chinese leader Xi Jinping has made “reunification” with Taiwan a key part of his overarching goal to “rejuvenate” the nation by 2049.

While Chinese leaders have said they hope to take control of the island via peaceful means, they have not ruled out doing so by force — and have ramped up military intimidation of the island in recent years.

The Taiwan Relations Act obligates Washington to provide weaponry for the island’s defense, and US President Joe Biden has suggested he would use US military personnel to defend it in the event of a Chinese invasion (though White House officials have said the US policy to leave that question ambiguous has not changed).

A 2022 wargame scenario run by the Center for a New American Security played out with China attacking US command and control installations in Hawaii as part of its war to take Taiwan by force.

John Hemmings, senior director of the Indo-Pacific Foreign and Security Policy Program at the Pacific Forum, says Hawaii’s exclusion from NATO removes “an element of deterrence” when it comes to the possibility of a Chinese strike on Hawaii in support of any potential Taiwan campaign.

Leaving Hawaii out lets Beijing know that NATO’s European members potentially have a bit of an “escape clause” when it comes to defending US territory in such a hypothetical situation, he says.

“Why would we not put that element of deterrence at our disposal?” Hemmings says. “Why would we leave that off the table if it would actually stop (China) from an invasion of Taiwan?”

View of battleship row as explosions damage three American battleships during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii, December 7, 1941. From left to right, the USS West Virginia, the USS Tennessee, and the USS Arizona. - US Navy/Interim Archives/Getty ImagesView of battleship row as explosions damage three American battleships during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii, December 7, 1941. From left to right, the USS West Virginia, the USS Tennessee, and the USS Arizona. - US Navy/Interim Archives/Getty Images

View of battleship row as explosions damage three American battleships during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii, December 7, 1941. From left to right, the USS West Virginia, the USS Tennessee, and the USS Arizona. – US Navy/Interim Archives/Getty Images

Hawaii’s strategic importance also has deep historical significance for the US. “This is where Pearl Harbor happened. This is where we were attacked that brought us into the Second World War, and – by the way – this is what also led to us to help liberate France,” he says.

“For Americans there is a direct link between this state and our involvement in the Second World War and ultimately our help in contributing to the victory over the Axis (the alliance of Nazi Germany, Japan and Italy).”

Hemmings also makes an argument for Guam, the US Pacific island territory some 3,000 miles farther west than Hawaii, to be included in NATO’s umbrella.

The island, which has long been a focal point of North Korean saber rattling, is home to Andersen Air Force Base, from which the US can launch its B-1, B-2 and B-52 bombers across the Indo-Pacific.

Hemmings likens Guam’s exclusion from NATO to how the US left the Korean Peninsula outside of a line it drew across the Pacific to deter the Soviet Union and China from spreading communism in January 1950. Five months after the so-called Acheson Line was drawn, the Korean War began.

“The adversary feels emboldened to carry out military conflict and you end up having a war anyway,” Hemmings says.

The Pacific Forum’s Santoro also mentions Guam should be included under the NATO umbrella. “Strategically, Guam absolutely matters a lot more than Hawaii,” he says.

U.S. Air Force B-52H Stratofortress bombers assigned to the 23rd Expeditionary Bomb Squadron taxi for take off at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, as part of a routine Bomber Task Force mission, February 14, 2024. - Master Sgt. Amy Picard/U.S. Air ForceU.S. Air Force B-52H Stratofortress bombers assigned to the 23rd Expeditionary Bomb Squadron taxi for take off at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, as part of a routine Bomber Task Force mission, February 14, 2024. - Master Sgt. Amy Picard/U.S. Air Force

U.S. Air Force B-52H Stratofortress bombers assigned to the 23rd Expeditionary Bomb Squadron taxi for take off at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, as part of a routine Bomber Task Force mission, February 14, 2024. – Master Sgt. Amy Picard/U.S. Air Force

‘Coalition of the willing’

Other analysts argue that were such a hypothetical attack to take place on Hawaii, or Guam, the deep and abiding ties that bind the US and its democratic allies would be substantially more significant in countries’ decision-making than a technicality in the NATO treaty.

In the event of an attack, “I would expect … the United States to try to put together a coalition of the willing involving primarily – but certainly not exclusively – regional allies,” says Luis Simon, a director of the Research Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy at the Brussels School of Governance in Belgium.

Simon cites the alliance’s strong and immediate response after the 9/11 attacks, the only time in its 74-year history that NATO has triggered the collective self-defense mechanism under Article 5.

“But Washington actually chose to channel its response through a coalition of the willing, and not through NATO Command,” he says. “I suspect we’d see a similar reaction in the case of an attack on either Guam or Hawaii, with the US wanting to retain full military control over (the response) and diplomatic flexibility.”

Simon also says he doesn’t see any real daylight between NATO members and their commitment to the US and the alliance.

NATO is a bedrock of the transatlantic democratic community. The US and other NATO members have touted unprecedented unity among the alliance in the face of Russia’s unprovoked invasion of Ukraine. And NATO has also hardened its shared rhetoric on China in recent years, vowing to address what they describe as the “systemic challenges” Beijing poses.

“I personally have little doubt they would be ready to provide different forms of assistance in case of an attack against US sovereign territory, including individually and through multilateral venues like the (European Union) or NATO,” he says.

CNN’s Jennifer Hansler contributed to this report.

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Top UK health official urges against eating whole Easter egg

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After a top England’s National Health Service (NHS) director warned people “not to eat the whole Easter egg in one go,” doctors hit back, saying that “life is too short” to cut back this holiday season. 

In a blog post, Dr Andrew Kelso, a NHS medical director, advised people to watch their waistline and show constraint when it comes to chocolate treats.

“I urge people to enjoy their Easter eggs in moderation,” Kelso said. “Enjoy your sweet treats but don’t overdo it.” 

REDDIT USER WHO LEFT HER DRUNK HUSBAND BEHIND AT AIRPORT GETS SUPPORT FROM OTHERS: ‘HAS A PROBLEM’

Plastic eggs and candy are seen on the table, Monday, April 14, 2014, at the Runberg’s home in Longmont. (Matt Jonas/Digital First Media/Boulder Daily Camera via Getty Images)

The top doctor said that his warning was timely due to an increase in obesity, Type 2 diabetes and tooth decay.

HOLY WEEK LEADS THE FAITHFUL TO EASTER SUNDAY: HERE ARE THE SPECIAL DAYS OBSERVED AND WHAT THEY MEAN

“Many people don’t realize that an average Easter egg contains around three-quarters of an adult’s recommended daily calorie intake,” Kelso said. 

“At a time like this when we are seeing significant increases in cases of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, as well as tooth decay, I urge people to enjoy their Easter eggs in moderation and resist the urge to eat a whole egg in one go,” he said.

Colorful Easter Eggs in Grass with Basket with Daffodils

Colorful Easter Eggs in Grass with Basket with Daffodils (iStock)

Despite the top doctor’s advice, others in the medical community were quick to advise the opposite.

“I’m an intensive care doctor. Life is short. Eat the Easter egg,” @madbusymum wrote on X.

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“I’m a dentist,” @wendythedentist replied. “Eat the Easter egg all at once!”

“I’m an Intensive Care Nurse. I totally agree,” @shinybluedress wrote.

American Airlines relaxes pet, carry-on luggage policy

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American Airlines is relaxing part of its pet policy to let owners bring their companion and a full-size carry-on bag into the cabin.

Until this week, people who carried a pet into the cabin — which involves paying a $150 fee — could only have one other small item that fit under the seat.

Anything bigger, like a carry-on bag with wheels, needed to be checked — for a $35 fee. Or they could put the pet in the cargo hold.

PASSENGERS SUFFER FLIGHT DELAYS AFTER DELTA PLANES CLIP WINGS AT MINNEAPOLIS AIRPORT

Now American is letting passengers bring a pet in the cabin and also bring a regular carry-on bag or a personal item — just not both bags.

FILE – An American Airlines grounds crew unloads a dog from the cargo area of an arriving flight, Aug. 1, 2012, at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York. American Airlines is relaxing part of its pet policy to let owners bring their companion and a full-size carry-on bag into the cabin. (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer, File)

The old policy struck some pet owners as unfair, since they were already paying a pet fee.

Gary Leff, a travel blogger who first wrote about the change, recalled traveling years ago with a Yorkshire terrier.

“It was always frustrating that the dog counted as the carry-on even though I was paying the extra (pet) fee that was sometimes more than the ticket for me,” he said Friday.

Leff said he thinks American’s change will reduce the urge for travelers to falsely claim that their pet is a service animal that flies for free.

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An American spokeswoman confirmed that the rules change took effect Thursday. She couldn’t explain the reason because the airline’s corporate offices were closed for Good Friday, and decision-makers were not available.

US tuberculosis cases in 2023 at highest level in decade, CDC says

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The number of U.S. tuberculosis cases in 2023 was the highest in a decade, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has announced. 

The CDC said on its website Thursday that “overall, cases increased from 8,320 in 2022 to 9,615 in 2023, an increase of 1,295 cases” 

“The rate also increased from 2.5 per 100,000 persons in 2022 to 2.9 in 2023,” it added, noting that numbers were up among all age groups. Data from the agency shows nearly 10,000 infections in 2013. 

CDC officials expected TB numbers would rise, but the 2023 count “was a little more than was expected,” Dr. Philip LoBue, director of the agency’s Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, told The Associated Press. 

WOMAN LEFT WITH KIDNEY DAMAGE AFTER VISITING HAIR SALON 

Doctor looks at X-rays of a tuberculosis patient. (Spencer Platt/Getty Images)

The new CDC statistics are not a count of how many people were newly infected in 2023, but rather of how many people developed a cough or other symptoms and were diagnosed. 

An estimated 85% of the people counted in 2023 were infected at least a year or two earlier and had what’s called latent TB, when the bacterium enters the body and hibernates in the lungs or other parts of the body. Experts estimate as many as 13 million Americans have latent TB and are not contagious. 

“Although TB incidence in the United States is among the lowest in the world and most U.S. residents are at minimal risk, TB continues to cause substantial global morbidity and mortality,” the CDC says, calling it “one of the world’s leading infectious disease killers.” 

DRUG OVERDOSES HAVE REACHED RECORD HIGH, PER LATEST CDC REPORT 

Tuberculosis bacteria

This 2006 electron microscope image provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which causes the disease tuberculosis.  (Janice Carr/CDC/AP)

The CDC says tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called “Mycobacterium tuberculosis” that usually targets the lungs but can also attack other parts of the body such as the kidney, spine and brain. 

Symptoms of TB disease in the lungs include chest pains and a prolonged cough, sometimes with blood. 

Other symptoms include weakness or fatigue, weight loss, fever and loss of appetite. 

Cases declined sharply at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, but have been rising since. 

Tuberculosis bacteria in microscope

This 1966 microscope photo provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. The number of U.S. tuberculosis cases in 2023 is the highest in a decade, according to a report released by the CDC on Thursday, March 28. (Elizabeth S. Mingioli/CDC/AP)

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“This post-pandemic increase in U.S. cases highlights the importance of continuing to engage communities with higher TB rates and their medical providers in TB elimination efforts and strengthening the capacity in public health programs to carry out critical disease control and prevention strategies,” the CDC said. 

The Associated Press contributed to this report. 

Fox News AI Newsletter: Country superstar praises state AI legislation protecting musicians

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Welcome to Fox News’ Artificial Intelligence newsletter with the latest AI technology advancements.

IN TODAY’S NEWSLETTER:

Luke Bryan praises new Tennessee AI legislation protecting musicians: ‘What an amazing precedent to set’
– Hillary Clinton warns AI tech will make 2016 election disinformation ‘look primitive’
– Goats, Google and Games: The future impact of a tech giant’s push to train AI to play video games

‘AMAZING PRECEDENT’: Luke Bryan is celebrating new protections from artificial intelligence for musicians in Nashville.

Luke Bryan smiling

Luke Bryan has high praise for the Tennessee state government over its new AI regulation law. (Disney/Art Streiber)

ELECTION THREAT: Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton described herself as a victim of election disinformation during a panel discussion on Thursday, and warned that the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) will make her experience “look primitive.”

LEVEL UP: Google has developed an artificial intelligence system that can play video games like a human and take orders from players and could eventually even have real-world implications down the line.

Hillary Clinton holding a microphone against a black background

Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton discussed the threat of AI deepfakes during a Columbia University panel discussion (Franziska Krug/Getty Images)

DR. AI: Studies have shown that up to 10% of doctors are now using ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM) made by OpenAI — but just how accurate are its responses?

HYBRID WORK: Employees have positive views about returning to the office but expect it to look and feel differently than it did before the pandemic to accommodate hybrid arrangements as well as facilitating new artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, according to a new study by Cisco.

ChatGPT

AI responses, such as those from ChatGPT, were found to be 70% shorter than real physicians’ responses in a new study. (Frank Rumpenhorst/picture alliance via Getty Images)

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Stay up to date on the latest AI technology advancements and learn about the challenges and opportunities AI presents now and for the future with Fox News here.





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