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Critical Windows 11 Secure Boot flaw lets hackers bypass protection

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Microsoft hasn’t received much love for Windows 11, with many users still reluctant to ditch Windows 10 even four years after the newer OS launched. The main reasons include Microsoft’s constant push to use its own services, strict hardware requirements and questionable interface changes.

But if you’re looking for yet another reason to dislike Windows 11, security researchers recently uncovered a critical vulnerability affecting Secure Boot. This feature is supposed to prevent malware from loading during startup. Now, hackers can bypass that protection and silently infect systems. The flaw allows attackers to disable Secure Boot on nearly any modern Windows PC or server, leaving even fully updated devices open to stealthy, undetectable malware.

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WINDOWS PCS AT RISK AS NEW TOOL DISARMS BUILT-IN SECURITY

PC

Windows PC   (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

What is the Secure Boot vulnerability in Windows 11?

The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-3052, was discovered by firmware security firm Binarly. They found that a legitimate BIOS update tool signed by Microsoft could be abused to tamper with the Windows boot process. Once exploited, the flaw allows attackers to shut off Secure Boot entirely. In the wrong hands, this vulnerability could lead to a new generation of malware. These threats could bypass even the most advanced antivirus or detection software.

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Hackers can abuse Microsoft-signed tools to shut down Secure Boot

At the center of the issue is a BIOS-flashing utility built for rugged tablets. Microsoft signed it using its UEFI CA 2011 certificate. Because that certificate is trusted on nearly every Secure Boot-enabled system, the tool can run without raising alarms. The danger lies in how the tool handles a specific NVRAM variable. Binarly’s researchers found that it reads this variable blindly, without checking what’s inside. That small oversight opens the door to a serious exploit. 

In a demonstration, Binarly used a proof-of-concept attack to change this variable’s value. By setting it to zero, they were able to overwrite a global setting critical to enforcing Secure Boot. That action completely disabled Secure Boot protections. Once that happens, unsigned UEFI modules can run freely. Attackers can then install stealthy, low-level malware known as bootkits, malware that operates below the Windows operating system itself. For hackers, this method offers the ultimate persistence.

laptop

Windows laptop   (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

Microsoft released a fix-but you must act to stay protected

Binarly reported the flaw to CERT/CC in February 2025. At first, it appeared to affect only a single module. But Microsoft’s deeper investigation uncovered a bigger problem. The same vulnerability affected 14 modules signed with the same trusted certificate. Microsoft responded in June 2025 by revoking the cryptographic hashes of all 14 affected modules. These hashes were added to the Secure Boot revocation list, known as the dbx. This prevents the modules from running during startup. However, this protection is not automatic. Unless users or organizations manually apply the updated dbx, their systems remain vulnerable, even with other patches installed.

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How long has this Windows tool been circulating?

Binarly revealed that the vulnerable tool had been online since late 2022. Someone uploaded it to VirusTotal in 2024, but it went unnoticed for months. At this point, it’s unclear whether any attackers have used it in the wild. We reached out to Microsoft for comment but did not receive a response before our deadline.

hacker

Illustration of a hacker at work   (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

Six essential tips to protect your Windows 11 PC from hackers

Protecting your PC doesn’t have to be complicated. Just follow these simple steps to keep hackers at bay and your information safe.

1. Keep your computer updated: Software updates aren’t just about new features. They fix serious security issues. In this case, Microsoft has already released a fix for the Secure Boot vulnerability, but it only works if your system is fully updated. Just head to your settings, open Windows Update, and make sure everything is installed. A lot of people delay updates for weeks, but these patches are the first line of defense against threats like this.

2. Don’t install tools you don’t fully understand: It might be tempting to download apps that claim to speed up your computer or fix problems, especially ones recommended in YouTube videos or tech forums. But that’s exactly how a lot of threats sneak in. This particular vulnerability came from a legitimate-looking tool that was misused. So, if you’re not sure what something does or if it asks for permission to change how your system boots up, skip it. Or ask someone who knows more, before you click anything.

3. Use strong antivirus software and leave it running: Even though this new threat targets something deep inside the system, having strong antivirus protection still helps catch related malware. If you’re on Windows, Defender is already built in and does a decent job. But if you don’t want to rely on Windows’ built-in tools, use a third-party antivirus.

Get my picks for the best 2025 antivirus protection winners for your Windows, Mac, Android & iOS devices  by visiting CyberGuy.com/LockUpYourTech

4. Restart your computer every now and then: This one sounds basic, but it matters. A lot of updates don’t fully apply until after a restart. If you keep putting your computer to sleep or hibernating it for days at a time, your system might still be stuck in an unsafe state. Try to restart it at least every couple of days, or whenever an update asks for it.

5. Don’t ignore warnings from Windows or your antivirus: If something pops up telling you a file looks dangerous or that an update is needed, pay attention. It’s easy to get into the habit of closing these messages without reading them, but that’s how problems get missed. If a warning looks confusing or too technical, take a screenshot or a photo, and ask someone for help. The important thing is not to ignore it and move on.

6. Remove your personal data from people-search sites: Even if hackers don’t directly target you through the Secure Boot flaw, many cyberattacks begin by gathering personal information that’s easily found online. This can include your full name, address, phone number and even the names of your relatives. Data broker websites collect and publish this information without your consent, putting you at greater risk. Using a personal data removal service helps you reduce your online exposure and make it harder for bad actors to target you.

While no service can guarantee the complete removal of your data from the internet, a data removal service is really a smart choice. They aren’t cheap – and neither is your privacy. These services do all the work for you by actively monitoring and systematically erasing your personal information from hundreds of websites. It’s what gives me peace of mind and has proven to be the most effective way to erase your personal data from the internet.  By limiting the information available, you reduce the risk of scammers cross-referencing data from breaches with information they might find on the dark web, making it harder for them to target you. 

Check out my top picks for data removal services and get a free scan to find out whether your personal information is already out on the web by visiting Cyberguy.com/Delete

Get a free scan to find out if your personal information is already out on the web: Cyberguy.com/FreeScan

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Kurt’s key takeaways

Secure Boot is supposed to be a final safeguard, a last barrier that ensures only verified code can load when a device starts. But this vulnerability shows how easily that trust can be broken. If a single signed utility can disable the entire system’s protection, then the foundation of device security starts to look worryingly thin.

Do you think Microsoft is doing enough to keep your PC secure? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact.

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Statue of Liberty mural showing face covered divides social media users on immigration

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A new mural is stirring up controversy worldwide.

“The Statue of Liberty’s Silent Protest” was painted on a brick wall of a building on Rue de Chemin-de-Fer in Roubaix, France, by Dutch artist Judith de Leeuw. (See the video at the top of this article.)

The painting was unveiled on July 3, just a day before America’s Independence Day.  

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“The values that the statue once stood for – freedom, hope, the right to be yourself – have been lost for many,” said de Leeuw, according to Euro News.

“Roubaix has a large migrant population, and many of them live in extremely difficult circumstances,” she said, referring to the city in northern France. “The values that the statue once stood for — freedom, hope, the right to be yourself — have been lost for many.”

A new mural titled “The Statue of Liberty’s Silent Protest” in Roubaix, France, is sparking a heated debate among many about immigration issues. (Judith de Leeuw via Storyful)

The painting depicts the Statue of Liberty with nine spikes on her crown — the actual statue only has seven — and with her hands covering her face.

The mural was intentionally placed in a city known for its high migrant population, according to reports.

About 22.3% of the Roubaix population was made up of immigrants in 2021, according to the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies.

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De Leeuw shared she was nervous the message would be too controversial, but said that locals embraced the message given the harsh realities of immigration in France.

In 2022, 69% of violent robberies and other violent crimes, including sexual assaults, on public transport in the greater Paris region of ÃŽle-de-France were perpetrated by foreign nationals, according to the annual figures of the statistics bureau of the French Ministry of Interior.

Roubaix, France

The mural is intentionally located in Roubaix, France, pictured above – a city known for its high migrant population. (iStock)

French President Emmanuel Macron said at the time, “If we look at crime in Paris today, we cannot fail to see that at least half of the crime comes from people who are foreigners, either illegal immigrants or waiting for a residence permit.”

He also said, “In any case, they’re in a very delicate situation, often coming in through these [illegal immigration] channels.”

The mural comes in reaction to the doubling down by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) on enforcing immigration laws in the U.S. and deporting illegal migrants.

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A video posted by the artist went viral, amassing thousands of reactions on social media platforms.

“This exquisite, heartwrenching art expresses how I’m feeling as a US citizen,” commented one woman.

Another person wrote, “Thank you for this. Signed, Heartbroken in the U.S.”

The Eiffel Tower in Paris

“If we look at crime in Paris today, we cannot fail to see that at least half of the crime comes from people who are foreigners, either illegal immigrants or waiting for a residence permit.” (Nathan Laine/Bloomberg via Getty Images)

“Your open borders policies ruined Paris. Fix yourselves before you judge us,” commented one user.

Another person wrote, “Thank you for seeing us and sharing this sorrow and shame with the world.”

Said another individual: “France: Where they imprison their political opponents.”

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Rep. Tim Burchett, R-Tenn., also weighed in on social media.

“This disgusts me. If any country ought to be kissing our [a–], it’s France. My uncle Roy fought and died and is buried there for their freedom,” the lawmaker posted on X.

new york statue of liberty

The Statue of Liberty was gifted to the United States by the French people and revealed to the world in New York harbor on Oct. 28, 1886. (iStock)

Another X user commented, “I agree with the mural.”

“I think we’re going to have to liberate them once again,” an X user joked.

“Well, of course France would try to shame the USA for having border and immigration laws,” wrote one person. “They are part of the EU who likes to shame every country who doesn’t want mass immigration.”

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Another individual commented, “To say this is phenomenal is an understatement & the meaning powerful! I salute you, my friend, my hero.”

Wrote another user, “This is occupied France. I mean FULLY occupied France.”

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The Statue of Liberty was gifted by the French people to the United States and revealed to the world on Oct. 28, 1886, in New York harbor, affirming the friendship between the two nations.

Raquel Rodriguez reacts to Charlotte Flair’s wrestling double standard suggestion

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Charlotte Flair pushed back on what she believed was a double standard in the pro wrestling industry when it came to her age and any notion she’s at the back end of her career.

She pointed to several of her male colleagues, including Cody Rhodes, Roman Reigns, CM Punk and John Cena in a column for The Players’ Tribune. 

She wrote that the next step for female competitors “isn’t the same amount of TV segments, or main events, or titles or money or opportunities as men. The next big step is the same amount of years as men.”

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Raquel Rodriguez slams Chelsea Green during Wrestlemania 39 Night 2 at SoFi Stadium in Inglewood, Calif., April 2, 2023. (Joe Camporeale/USA Today Sports)

Raquel Rodriguez, who will be a part of the all-female premium live event, Evolution, on Sunday, told Fox News Digital in a recent interview she agreed with Flair’s assessment and praised the legendary pro wrestler for her vulnerability and bravery for putting her heart on the line.

“I do agree with her,” Rodriguez said. “I do agree there is a little bit of a double standard there. I do feel like, because we are women, we are told, at a certain age, ‘You have to stop. At a certain age, you should be thinking about other things, having kids, getting married, whatever it is. At a certain age, you shouldn’t be pushed in the main story anymore. You had your time. 

“I do see something wrong with that because there are men on the other side that are aging gracefully, and aging like fine wine and so are the women. But they are getting used a little more and put in these situations where the women just have to keep trying to compete and constantly being put in that pressure cooker of performing and accelerating, and it is difficult.”

Raquel Rodriguez in June 2025

Raquel Rodriguez enters the ring during Monday Night RAW at Nationwide Arena June 23, 2025, in Columbus, Ohio.  (Rich Freeda/WWE via Getty Images)

WWE STAR DREW MCINTYRE TALKS PUTTING HIMSELF UNDER THE MICROSCOPE TO GET BACK INTO SHAPE BEFORE RETURN

Rodriguez explained that with aging comes longer times to rest and recuperate, and the potential of performing like a gymnast in the ring lessens.

“It is difficult because, you know, with age also comes more need of rest and recuperation. And we can’t do as many things like these beautiful gymnasts that are in NXT flipping in and outside of the ring,” she said. 

“Older women, they are not going to be able to accomplish those kinds of feats, but there is other ways and purposes that our superstars can continue to perform and provide for the WWE company, and I see that for all of our women. 

“They are so talented, and it has taken so much time and so much hard work to build their start to where it is at. And I think they deserve to keep their start up there and to have it pushed even more if their work ethic and their stars is asking for it, yeah 100%.”

Rodriguez will be a part of Evolution this time around. She was still in the WWE Performance Center for the first all-female premium live event in 2016.

Raquel Rodriguez at Royal Rumble 2025

Raquel Rodriguez during the Women’s Royal Rumble at WWE Royal Rumble at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis Feb. 1, 2025. (Joe Camporeale/Imagn Images)

She and Roxanne Perez will defend their tag-team titles in a fatal four-way match against Flair and Alexa Bliss, Sol Ruca and Zaria and Kairi Sane and Asuka.

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The event begins Sunday.

Follow Fox News Digital’s sports coverage on X and subscribe to the Fox News Sports Huddle newsletter.

Noninvasive brain technology allows control of robotic hands with thought

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Noninvasive brain tech is transforming how people interact with robotic devices. Instead of relying on muscle movement, this technology allows a person to control a robotic hand by simply thinking about moving his fingers. 

No surgery is required. 

Instead, a set of sensors is placed on the scalp to detect brain signals. These signals are then sent to a computer. As a result, this approach is safe and accessible. It opens new possibilities for people with motor impairments or those recovering from injuries.

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PARALYZED MAN SPEAKS AND SINGS WITH AI BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE

brain tech 1

A woman wearing non-invasive brain technology  (Carnegie Mellon University)

How noninvasive brain tech turns thought into action

Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have made significant progress with noninvasive brain technology. They use electroencephalography (EEG) to detect the brain’s electrical activity when someone thinks about moving a finger. Artificial intelligence, specifically deep learning algorithms, then decodes these signals and translates them into commands for a robotic hand. In their study, participants managed to move two or even three robotic fingers at once, just by imagining the motion. The system achieved over 80% accuracy for two-finger tasks. For three-finger tasks, accuracy was over 60%. All of this happened in real time. 

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Meeting the challenge of finger-level control

Achieving separate movement for each robotic finger is a real challenge. The brain areas responsible for finger movement are small. Their signals often overlap, which makes it hard to distinguish between them. However, advances in noninvasive brain technology and deep learning have made it possible to pick up on these subtle differences. 

The research team used a neural network called EEGNet. They fine-tuned it for each participant. Because of this, the system allowed for smooth, natural control of the robotic fingers. The movements closely matched how a real hand works.

brain tech 2

A robotic finger being controlled by non-invasive brain technology  (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

Why noninvasive brain tech matters for everyday life

For people with limited hand function, even small improvements can make a huge difference. Noninvasive brain technology eliminates the need for surgery because the system is external and easy to use. In addition, this technology provides natural and intuitive control. It enables a person to move a robotic hand by simply thinking about the corresponding finger movements. 

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The accessibility of noninvasive brain technology means it can be used in clinics and homes and by a wide range of people. For example, it enables participation in everyday tasks, such as typing or picking up small objects that might otherwise be difficult or impossible to perform. This approach can benefit stroke survivors and people with spinal cord injuries. It can also help anyone interested in enhancing their abilities. 

What’s next for noninvasive brain tech?

While the progress is exciting, there are still challenges ahead. Noninvasive brain technology needs to improve even further at filtering out noise and adapting to individual differences. However, with ongoing advances in deep learning and sensor technology, these systems are becoming more reliable and easier to use. Researchers are already working to expand the technology for more complex tasks. 

As a result, assistive robotics could soon become a part of more homes and workplaces.

brain tech 3

Illustration of how the noninvasive brain technology works  (Carnegie Mellon University)

Kurt’s key takeaways

Noninvasive brain technology is opening up possibilities that once seemed out of reach. The idea of moving a robotic hand just by thinking about it could make daily life easier and more independent for many people. As researchers continue to improve these systems, it will be interesting to see how this technology shapes the way we interact with the world around us.

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If you had the chance to control a robotic hand with your thoughts, what would you want to try first? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact

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Simple exercises to combat ‘office chair butt’ from sitting too long

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Office workers have something new to worry about, according to a warning that’s gone viral on social media.

“Office chair butt” is trending as a side effect of sitting for too many hours, leaving the appearance of a flatter behind.

Alissa Mosca, a certified fitness trainer with Planet Fitness in New York, confirmed that “office chair butt” refers to muscle loss due to sitting stagnant in one position and not activating the muscles in the posterior chain (along the back of the body).

‘I’M A SPINAL SURGEON – HERE’S HOW YOUR POSTURE IS KILLING YOUR BACK’

To combat this, Mosca recommends performing the following simple exercises throughout the day to stimulate muscle activation in the glutes, hamstrings and quads.

“Office chair butt” can occur with prolonged sitting and lack of muscle movement, experts warn. (iStock)

  • Air squats (using only body weight, squat down and then return to a standing position)
  • Lunges (step forward or backward until the knee is bent at a 90-degree angle with the back straight)
  • Good mornings (bend forward at the hips with a straight back, then return to an upright position)
  • Bulgarian split squats (perform a lunge forward while the back foot is elevated on a bench or platform behind you)

“These four exercises require no equipment and can even be done from the office chair,” she added.

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“It’s important to not only focus on strength training exercises that activate the glutes, which are being sat on all day, but the surrounding muscles as well, which is what adds support to the whole posterior chain,” Mosca said.

She encourages office workers to incorporate some type of movement every time they get up from their seat — ideally picking one of the four movements above and performing 12 to 15 reps, two to three times.

“Once that becomes more of a routine, try setting a timer to do this every 45 minutes to an hour,” the trainer suggested.

Woman stretching while working at office

A trainer recommends that office workers stand up every hour to stretch and work the muscles. (iStock)

Incorporating these exercises into a gym routine is also a great way to prevent muscle loss, according to Mosca.

This might include a circuit with kettlebell swings, Smith machine squats (performed on a machine with a fixed barbell), hip thrusts and walking on an incline.

SIMPLE DAILY ACTIVITY COULD REDUCE RISK OF LOWER BACK PAIN, STUDY FINDS

Jonathan Puleio, a board-certified professional ergonomist and global vice president at Humanscale – a New York City consulting practice focused on corporate ergonomics – also spoke about “office chair butt.”

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“Not only are the muscle groups atrophying and weakening, but there’s also a buildup of fat tissue, which has a very different consistency and density than muscle,” he told Fox News Digital. “That’s why … the shape of the tissue appears much flatter — and even saggy, in some scenarios.”

business man talking on phone in office

Office chairs with more supportive mechanisms or standing desks are great swaps for promoting better posture and movement, experts advise. (iStock)

Puleio agreed that muscle atrophy can be supported by movement and posture shifts, but noted that chair design also plays a big role.

“Any chair design that can promote movement and support postural shifts regularly throughout the day can certainly combat issues like this,” the expert said.

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Sitting in a chair that supports movement, such as one with a self-adjusting recline mechanism, can help prevent this condition, according to Puleio.

“The recline tension is based on the user’s body weight,” he said. “This removes the barriers to movement that we typically see on traditionally designed chairs.”

two coworkers on a walk outside office

Simply walking is a great exercise to strengthen muscles during the workday, experts say. (iStock)

Puleio also recommends using sit-to-stand workstations and performing some tasks while standing, such as taking a phone call on your feet.

“Taking micro-breaks, stepping away from your work, going to get a glass of water, taking a lap around the office, going outside and taking a quick walk – these are all great ways to combat this particular issue,” he said.

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The expert also urges employers to take their employees’ comfort seriously and to take steps to ensure healthy workplace ergonomics.

“Discomfort is the precursor to pain and injury,” he warned, noting that injuries can be “costly and debilitating.”

Trend of parents joining honeymoons sparks heated social media debate online

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While a honeymoon is a special trip for newly married couples to enjoy after the chaos of a wedding, a recent trend has people asking if more is merrier.

Some honeymooners are now bringing their parents along on their romantic trip — with chatter on social media indicating that some in-laws are even inviting themselves. 

One Reddit user posted in the “r/WhiteLotusHBO” forum, blatantly stating, “Why Mom Is Coming on the Honeymoon.”

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“I had a neighbor whose mother-in-law and father-in-law went on their honeymoon with them,” said one user. 

“They felt they could because they gifted the couple their honeymoon to Hawaii. Such a strange, odd, family.”

Reddit users (not pictured) are sharing their experiences with parents and in-laws coming along on honeymoons. (iStock)

“Not my honeymoon,” said one Redditor.

Another user wrote, “As long as the parents/in-laws are invited and the newlyweds have a separate bedroom, I don’t really see the problem.”

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Said another person, “I was 5 months pregnant on my honeymoon so we only went to the coast for a few days, but my husband invited his brother so they could go fishing.”

One user shared, “My first wedding was in Vegas and I kid you not, at the hotel my MIL [mother in law] was somehow assigned not only the room next door, but an adjoining room — as in, there was direct access from one room to the other.”

A new trend has couples bringing along their parents on their honeymoons, with social media users sharing stories of in-laws joining.

A new trend has couples bringing along their parents on their honeymoons, with social media users sharing stories of in-laws joining. (iStock)

“My neighbors took their grandparents along on their honeymoon,” shared another.

In another Reddit forum, a user shared that her ex-husband wanted to take his mom and brother on their honeymoon.

Writing in the “r/CharlotteDobreYouTube” forum, the user said, “His family’s house was only one hour away from mine. It wasn’t a big deal at all.”

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“I got excited again thinking we’d finally go somewhere nice. But nooo. He took me to his house, to sit with his mom,” the post read. 

Thea Gallagher, a psychologist and the wellness programs director at NYU Langone Health in New York City, told Fox News Digital she thinks bringing family on a honeymoon is an “interesting concept.”

couple on vacation

In-laws can sometimes cause a strain on marriage, as it “depends on how much unsolicited advice is shared,” said one expert.  (iStock)

“I think it probably depends on your relationship with your parents and your agreement with your partner,” said Gallagher. “Obviously it would be important for both of you to be in agreement that this is the good choice.”

Gallagher said she wouldn’t recommend it if “it feels like you can’t be alone with your partner, but if it’s because you love your family and it’s a ‘more the merrier’ situation, I could see it being fun.”

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She said before it is important to pre-establish alone time and boundaries. 

In-laws can sometimes cause a strain on marriage as it “depends on how much unsolicited advice is shared,” said the relationship expert. 

"Setting and enforcing limits with in-laws respectfully but firmly and presenting a united front as a couple to avoid triangulation or favoritism" is helpful, experts noted.

“Setting and enforcing limits with in-laws respectfully but firmly and presenting a united front as a couple to avoid triangulation or favoritism” is helpful, experts noted. (iStock)

There are four issues that can occur, she said.

The first is boundary issues where “in-laws may overstep by offering unsolicited advice, making surprise visits, or interfering in parenting or financial decisions.

Loyalty dilemmas can occur when “one partner may feel caught between their spouse and their parents, leading to resentment or feelings of betrayal.”

Open communication between partners about boundaries and expectations is important.

Another is any cultural or generational differences that could occur, causing misunderstandings or friction.

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The last is communication breakdowns — in which “couples may struggle to present a united front or avoid discussing in-law issues altogether, which can make things worse.”

Gallagher shared tips on setting healthy boundaries with in-laws.

She said open communication between partners about boundaries and expectations is important.

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“Setting and enforcing limits with in-laws respectfully but firmly and presenting a united front as a couple to avoid triangulation or favoritism” is helpful.

Gallagher also said couples should also practice empathy.

Top multi-factor authentication apps to protect your accounts

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Hackers often exploit reused passwords, gaining access to multiple accounts if just one is compromised. To stay safe, use strong, unique passwords for every account and change them regularly. However, passwords alone aren’t enough. That’s where multi-factor authentication apps come in.

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Illustration of a woman using MFA.

Illustration of a woman using MFA. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

What is multi-factor authentication?

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of protection to your accounts. Instead of relying only on a password, MFA requires you to verify your identity using two or more methods. These can include SMS codes, authenticator apps, or physical security keys.

MFA vs. two-factor authentication

Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a type of MFA that uses exactly two verification methods. MFA, on the other hand, can involve two or more factors. For example, logging into your bank might require a password and a code from an app-this is MFA in action.

Which multi-Factor authentication method is best?

Not all websites and apps support every type of MFA, so your choice may depend on what’s available. Here’s how the main options compare:

  • Physical security keys: These offer the highest security and are resistant to phishing and malware. However, they’re less convenient and not universally supported. If you lose your key, you’ll need a backup method.
  • SMS text messages: SMS is easy to use and widely supported, but it’s the least secure. Hackers can intercept or redirect text messages, making this method vulnerable.
  • Authenticator apps: These apps strike a balance between security and convenience. They’re less likely to be hacked and work on most smartphones. However, not every service supports them, and you may need internet or cell service to use some features.
A woman using 2FA.

A woman using 2FA. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

Why do banks use SMS for MFA?

Many banks use SMS for two-factor authentication because it’s easy to set up and works on any phone. However, SMS is not the most secure method. Authenticator apps and physical security keys offer better protection against modern threats. 

Is there a one-size-fits-all solution?

Unfortunately, there’s no universal MFA solution for every account. The best approach is to use the strongest MFA method each service supports. Whenever possible, choose an authenticator app or a physical security key over SMS. 

Top multi-factor authentication apps

Using a multi-factor authentication app is one of the best ways to protect your online identity. Here are some of the top-rated options available for iPhone and Android:

Microsoft Authenticator

Microsoft Authenticator app.

Microsoft Authenticator app. (Microsoft)

The Microsoft Authenticator app gives you an easy, secure sign-in experience for all your accounts and gives you additional account management options for your Microsoft personal, work, and school accounts. It can use multi-factor authentication with a one-time passcode, can go password-less by using your phone instead of a password to log in, or can use autofill passwords for you. It’s easy to use and can keep multiple accounts safe and secure for you. 

Twilio Authy

Twilio Authy app.

Twilio Authy app. (Authy)

Twilio Authy is another great app that you can use for all your accounts, including Facebook, Dropbox, Amazon, Gmail, and thousands more. It provides secure cloud-encrypted backups so that you will never lose access to your accounts, even if you lose your device. The app uses the same algorithms as many banks and the NSA use to protect their information, so you can pretty much guarantee that you’ll be safe. Plus, you can even use it if you’re offline or in airplane mode.

Google Authenticator

Google Authentication app.

Google Authentication app. (Google)

The Google Authenticator app will give you an extra layer of security for your online apps. You can sync your authenticator codes to your Google Account and across your devices. It offers support for multiple accounts, and you can transfer accounts between devices by using a QR code. Plus, you can choose the type of code generation used that best suits your needs, and it works without a network or cellular connection. 

Aegis Authenticator 

Aegis Authenticator ap.

Aegis Authenticator ap. (Aegis)

The Aegis Authenticator app is a free option for Android users. It is a great app to protect your online accounts from hackers and phishing. It adds an extra layer of security by generating one-time codes that you need to enter alone with your password. This way, even if a hacker steals your password, they won’t be able to access your account with your phone. The Aegis Authenticator app also lets you customize and organize your accounts, backup and restore your data, and use it offline.

Why you should also use a password manager

While multi-factor authentication adds critical protection, it works best when combined with strong, unique passwords for every account. That’s where a password manager comes in. Instead of trying to memorize dozens of complex passwords, a password manager securely stores them for you and automatically fills them in when needed. It can generate strong, random passwords, store them in an encrypted vault, and sync across your devices so you always have access. Using NordPass along with multi-factor authentication is one of the best strategies to keep your accounts and personal data safe from hackers. 

Get more details about my best expert-reviewed Password Managers of 2025 at Cyberguy.com/Passwords.

Kurt’s key takeaways

Keeping your accounts safe doesn’t have to be complicated. By using multi-factor authentication apps, you’re adding a strong layer of protection that goes beyond just passwords. These apps make it much harder for hackers to get in, even if they somehow learn your password. Ready to take your security up a notch?

Have you tried using an authenticator app? What has your experience been like? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact.

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Bryan Kohberger and Luigi Mangione may both have rare visual snow syndrome

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Two individuals at the center of recent high-profile murder cases may have the same rare and concerning health condition.

Bryan Kohberger, who pleaded guilty to the murder of four University of Idaho students, and Luigi Mangione, accused of stalking and ambushing UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson, apparently have the same neurological condition known as visual snow syndrome.

The rare disorder impairs vision, as if the person is looking through snow or static on an old television.

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Both Kohberger and Mangione have posted publicly about their condition, according to multiple reports. 

Kohberger reportedly posted in a forum on a platform called TapATalk in 2011 about his struggle with visual snow syndrome (VSS), saying his vision made the world feel like a “video game.”

Luigi Mangione, left, and Bryan Kohberger, right, both allegedly suffer from a rare condition known as visual snow syndrome. (Curtis Means – Pool/Getty Images; Kyle Green-Pool/Getty Images)

In one post, which has resurfaced on Reddit, these words stood out: “As I hug my family, I look into their faces, I see nothing. It is like I am looking at a video game, but less … It is like I have severe brain damage. I am stuck in the depths of my mind, where I have to constantly battle my demons.”

Mangione also reportedly posted about the topic on Reddit in 2018, commenting in forums on VSS as well as on other conditions he apparently suffers from, including brain fog and chronic back pain.

Mangione, who faces numerous charges, including terror-related murder, has also allegedly written at length about his disgust with the health insurance industry.

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Cleveland Clinic describes visual snow syndrome as “flickering dots throughout your field of vision.” 

Some people describe it as seeing things inside a snow globe that’s been shaken up.

The “snow” can be colorful, black and white — or transparent. And it may flash, according to Cleveland Clinic.

a woman sitting by a lake and mountains next to a depiction of visual snow syndrome vision

Shown above, a depiction of normal vision, at left — compared to the vision of someone suffering from VSS, at right. (iStock)

Scientists assume the condition may be related to “excitability” or hyperactivity in the occipital lobes of the brain, where images are processed, but there’s no definite cause and no standard treatment.

Visual snow syndrome is a chronic condition for many, who may also experience migraines and anxiety.

FOOD CHOICES THAT CAN BOOST YOUR VISION AND PROTECT AGAINST EYE DISEASE

The uncommon disorder only impacts about 2% to 3% of people globally, said Cleveland Clinic.

Symptoms of visual snow syndrome can include:

  • Always seeing “snow” or “static” in every direction, even if eyes are closed
  • Seeing trailing objects after the actual image has passed, a condition called palinopsia
  • Having a sensitivity to light
  • Having difficulty seeing at night
  • Seeing images within the eye, known as entoptic phenomena
A view of a mountain with and without visual snow syndrome

VSS can improve on its own — or it can worsen over time, according to experts. Above, another split image showing a scene with normal vision, left, as compared to the one at right, as seen by someone with VSS. (iStock)

People with visual snow syndrome may also experience the following, according to Cleveland Clinic:

  • Ringing or buzzing in the ears, also referred to as tinnitus
  • Anxiety, depression or irritability
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Confusion
  • Brain fog
  • Insomnia or trouble sleeping
  • Frequent migraines with aura
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Depersonalization, or the feeling of being disconnected from oneself
  • Vertigo

In order to get a diagnosis of visual snow syndrome, experts urge visiting a neurologist and an ophthalmologist, or a neuro-ophthalmologist, who can rule out other diseases or conditions.

Visual symptoms cannot be the same as migraine aura, Cleveland Clinic reported, and cannot be due to the use of drugs that can cause “snow” to appear in vision.

Man holding head while he experiences a migraine

Many people with VSS also experience migraines, according to research. (iStock)

Dr. Ashley Brissette, an ophthalmologist in New York City, told Fox News Digital that she’s seen patients with VSS who present with visual complaints — but the eye exam, imaging and function test results are “typically normal.”

“Though it is not harmful to vision, visual snow can be highly distressing,” the doctor said (she has not treated either Kohberger or Mangione). 

“Patients often experience constant visual disturbances that interfere with daily activities like reading, driving or using screens, leading to frustration and sensory overload.” 

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“The lack of understanding of the condition, along with normal test results, can cause anxiety, fear of serious illness and feelings of being dismissed by healthcare providers.”

These “unrelenting symptoms” can lead to depression, sleep disturbances, fatigue and social isolation over time, Brissette said. 

“Because visual snow is invisible to others, many patients feel misunderstood or alone, making emotional support and mental health care an essential part of managing the condition,” she said.

Young woman doing optical exam at medical clinic

The “invisible” nature of VSS can be frustrating for patients, said one medical professional.  (iStock)

Although Kohberger and Mangione allegedly share this condition, Brissette commented that “many things could have influenced their mental health” and the full clinical context is unknown.

“The combination of uncomfortable neurological symptoms and the stress of navigating unexplained health issues likely exacerbated anxiety, lowered quality of life, and added to mental illness,” she said.

For more Health articles, visit www.foxnews.com/health

While there is no treatment for the condition, some providers may suggest medication for mental health symptoms, including antidepressants, according to Cleveland Clinic. 

The full clinical context is unknown.

Some migraine medications have also been suggested and tested. Cleveland Clinic additionally recommended the use of blue-light blockers on devices.

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Relieving stress and avoiding fatigue can also help with certain symptoms, which activities like enjoyable exercise, yoga, meditation and massage can help with, as well as taking steps to improve sleep.

Kohberger’s defense team, bound by a gag order on the case, did not respond to questions about the condition. A spokeswoman for Mangione did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Michael Ruiz and Khloe Quill, both of Fox News Digital, contributed reporting. 

AI brain scan tool predicts how fast you are aging

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Our bodies change as we get older, and one undesirable result is that we become more vulnerable to age-related issues. Particularly, old age is characterized by a significant physical and mental decline. But why is it that some people thrive in their later years, while others face several health challenges prematurely? It’s as if some people age faster than others.

To get to the bottom of this, scientists from Duke, Harvard, and the University of Otago have unveiled a game-changing tool called DunedinPACNI. It uses a single AI brain scan to reveal how fast a person is biologically aging. It’s changing the way we track aging and the long-term health risks associated with it.

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A doctor’s hand pointing at a brain scan.

A doctor’s hand pointing at a brain scan. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

The secret to how fast we age is in the brain

The DunedinPACNI was named after the Dunedin Study, which followed over 1,000 people since their birth in the 1970s. Researchers analyzed decades of data, looking at factors like blood pressure, BMI, cholesterol, glucose, kidney function, and even dental health, to come up with a unique “aging score” for each participant. The new MRI-based AI brain scan can predict this score with surprising accuracy from a scan taken at age 45. 

Brain aging predicts both physical and mental decline

Participants whose aging scores were faster showed early signs of memory-related brain changes, such as shrinkage of the hippocampus. Follow-up studies of people aged between 52 and 89 showed that those aging rapidly were 60% more likely to develop dementia, 18% more likely to be diagnosed with chronic illnesses, and 40% more likely to die within the same period compared to those who were aging at a slower pace. This data shows that brain aging and overall physical decline are closely linked.

An X-ray of the brain.

An X-ray of the brain. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

DunedinPACNI is the future of preventative healthcare

The team believes DunedinPACNI could change the landscape of preventive medicine. If it were possible to spot health risks early through an AI brain scan, at-risk individuals might be motivated to make healthier lifestyle changes (e.g., diet, exercise, and stress management). It could also help healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and slow the progression of age-related diseases.

An image of a scanned brain on a tablet.

An image of a scanned brain on a tablet. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

Kurt’s key takeaways

The DunedinPACNI is a great tool that offers a non-invasive and powerful window into biological aging that traditional blood tests never could. A single AI brain scan provides a lifetime of health insights. It comes at a much-needed time as chronic diseases are on the rise. It may just be one of the key ingredients in predicting health outcomes and coming up with personalized wellness strategies.

Have you considered advanced tools like MRI scans for preventative healthcare? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact.

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Fake agent phone scams are spreading fast across the US

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A disturbing wave of fake agent phone scams is sweeping across the United States, catching people off guard and draining their savings. These criminals do not just pretend to be someone you trust; they impersonate federal agents, threaten arrest, and demand payment on the spot. As the schemes become more sophisticated, the FBI and other law enforcement agencies are issuing urgent warnings. Moreover, the scams are spreading rapidly and becoming increasingly difficult to spot.

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A woman receiving a fake scam phone call.

A woman receiving a fake scam phone call. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

How fake agent phone scams trick victims into sending money

Often, it begins with a phone call that appears legitimate. The number might display familiar initials, such as “FBI,” “US Marshals,” or even your local police department. Scammers use spoofing technology to fake caller IDs, making the call look official. During the call, the scammer creates panic with claims like:

  • Your Social Security number has been frozen.
  • A loved one is in jail and needs money for GPS monitoring.
  • You missed a jury duty summons and now face arrest.

To avoid immediate legal trouble, victims are often instructed to pay immediately, usually through prepaid gift cards, cryptocurrency ATMs, or wire transfers. These demands are designed to be untraceable and irreversible. Importantly, the US Marshals will NEVER call you to collect money, the agency emphasized in a public warning. 

Fake agent phone scams are targeting victims across the United States

Reports of these calls have come in from New York, Illinois, Virginia, and nearly every other state. Some victims have lost thousands of dollars. In Michigan, scammers increased their credibility by using the real names and ranks of local officers. Meanwhile, in Maryland, suspects posing as FTC agents even showed up in person twice to collect cash. This scam is not limited to phone calls. Text messages, known as “smishing” attacks, are also on the rise. One version targeted iPhone users with fake DMV payment demands. According to cybersecurity firm Guardio, smishing surged 773% in just one month.

Why fake agent phone scams succeed and how they manipulate trust

Fraudsters know how to exploit fear effectively. They count on the fact that most people will do almost anything to avoid arrest or protect a family member. By spoofing official numbers, they undermine our first line of defense: trust. However, it is not just about technology. Experts also warn of an emotional manipulation crisis. These scammers don’t just steal your money, they steal your identity too. As a result, victims feel violated, scared, and uncertain about whom to trust.

A man receiving a fake scam phone call.

A man receiving a fake scam phone call. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

Fake agent phone scams are evolving with AI and new tech tricks

Concerns are growing about how far these scams could go. Law enforcement and cybersecurity experts warn that scammers may soon use:

  • AI voice cloning to mimic real officials.
  • Malicious apps that mimic legitimate agencies.
  • Smartphone voice assistants, cameras, or microphones to harvest data.

While there’s no direct evidence of those advanced tactics yet, experts agree they’re coming, and fast.

A woman receiving a fake scam phone call.

A woman receiving a fake scam phone call. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

How to protect yourself from fake agent phone scams and spoofed calls

These scams are designed to trigger panic and override your judgment. But a few simple actions can protect you and your loved ones from falling victim. Stay sharp, stay skeptical, and follow these smart steps:

Hang up immediately

If someone calls claiming to be from a government agency and demands money, don’t explain or ask questions; just hang up. Real law enforcement will never ask for payment over the phone, and they won’t threaten you into silence.

Never pay with gift cards, crypto, or wire transfers

No legitimate government agency will ever ask you to settle a legal issue with a prepaid gift card or a trip to a Bitcoin ATM. These are hallmark signs of a scam, designed to move your money fast and leave no trace.

Don’t trust caller ID

The number on your screen might look official, but spoofing technology can fake any number, even 911 or the FBI. If the caller creates pressure or fear, hang up and verify using an official number from the agency’s website.

Report the call

Even if you don’t fall for the scam, reporting it can help authorities track these operations. Contact your local FBI field office, your state’s Attorney General, or file a report at reportfraud.ftc.gov. Every report helps build a stronger case. 

Talk to your loved ones

Scammers often target people who are more likely to believe a false threat, especially seniors or non-native English speakers. Have a conversation with family and friends so they know what to look out for and what to do if they receive a suspicious call or message.

Scrub your personal data from the internet

Many scammers do their homework before making contact. They might already know your name, address, or even a relative’s name to sound more convincing. Using a reputable personal data removal service can reduce the chances of your private information being misused. The less data available online, the fewer hooks criminals have to grab onto.

While no service can guarantee the complete removal of your data from the internet, a data removal service is really a smart choice.  They aren’t cheap – and neither is your privacy. These services do all the work for you by actively monitoring and systematically erasing your personal information from hundreds of websites. It’s what gives me peace of mind and has proven to be the most effective way to erase your personal data from the internet. By limiting the information available, you reduce the risk of scammers cross-referencing data from breaches with information they might find on the dark web, making it harder for them to target you.

Check out my top picks for data removal services and get a free scan to find out if your personal information is already out on the web by visiting Cyberguy.com/Delete.

Get a free scan to find out if your personal information is already out on the web: Cyberguy.com/FreeScan.

Don’t click suspicious links

Some scams are shifting from voice calls to text messages. If you receive a message claiming to be from the DMV, IRS, or law enforcement, don’t click any links. These texts (known as “smishing” attacks) can trick you into entering personal info or downloading malware.

 The best way to safeguard yourself from malicious links that install malware, potentially accessing your private information, is to have antivirus software installed on all your devices. This protection can also alert you to phishing emails and ransomware scams, keeping your personal information and digital assets safe. 

Get my picks for the best 2025 antivirus protection winners for your Windows, Mac, Android & iOS devices at CyberGuy.com/LockUpYourTech.

Kurt’s key takeaways

These criminals are getting smarter, but so can we. Staying informed and understanding what real law enforcement will never do is key to protecting yourself and your family. Authorities will not threaten you over the phone, demand gift cards or cryptocurrency, or ask you to prove your innocence with money. If something feels off, trust your gut. Also, spread the word, because the more people who know, the harder it is for these criminals to succeed.

Should the government be doing more to protect us from fake agent phone scams? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact.

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